Heating ice to steam sim
The 200 W heater supplies 200 J every second.
Heating ice to steam · covers the GCSE, IGCSE, O-Level topic
What the sim shows
The 200 W heater supplies 200 J every second. First the ice warms from -20 °C: E = m c Δθ = 0.2 × 2100 × 20 = 8.4 kJ, 42 s. Then the temperature stays at 0 °C while the ice melts: the energy goes into breaking the forces between the particles, not into making them move faster. E = m L = 0.2 × 334 000 = 66.8 kJ, which takes 334 s. The water then warms to 100 °C (84 kJ) and stays there while it boils; boiling all of it would take 452 kJ, much more than melting. No energy is taken to be lost to the surroundings. Shown 60 times faster than real time.
- The thermometer's reading
- Right: temperature against time
Use it in your lessons
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